Free Essays on Corporate Power

It is broadly contended that the American enterprise holds undue and inordinate control over government dynamic. Scholars supporting this idea have squeezed various distributions, from magazines to surveys to books notice us to be tired of partnerships picking up an excessive amount of political force. Corporate oppression is a relic of times gone by, particularly in the time after the Second World War, corporate political force is kept up at a protected, reasonable level. There is no motivation to fear corporate force. The enterprise has a privilege to increase political force; it tends to be contended the partnership must do as such for endurance. Besides, the disposition of government clearly doesn't yield over the top capacity to the companies, as has been demonstrated commonly by authoritative activity. The sources of American dread of companies start before the introduction of America, when the Sons of Liberty organized the Boston Tea Party. In spite of what our primary school history exercises let us know, the Bostonians were for the most part worried that the East India Company had increased enough force with the pioneer government to demand the duty in any case. The genuine explanation behind their dumping a great many pounds of tea into Boston Harbor was to act against the enterprise that was increasing enough size to rule their lives (People’s Bicentennial Commission, xii). Later on in American history, Abraham Lincoln predicted an oppression of companies to come. He kept in touch with his companion in 1864: It has to be sure been a difficult hour for the Republic; however I find soon an emergency moving toward that alarms me and makes me tremble for the security of my nation. . . [C]orporations have been enthroned and a time of debasement in high places will follow, and the cash influence of the nation will try to draw out its rule by working upon the preferences of the individuals until all riches is accumulated in a couple of hands and the Republic is demolished. (Shaw, 40) Numerous other extraordinary Americans, including Thomas Je... Free Essays on Corporate Power Free Essays on Corporate Power It is broadly contended that the American company holds undue and extreme control over government dynamic. Scholars supporting this thought have squeezed various distributions, from magazines to surveys to books notice us to be fatigued of organizations picking up a lot of political force. Corporate oppression is a relic of past times, particularly in the time after the Second World War, corporate political force is kept up at a sheltered, reasonable level. There is no motivation to fear corporate force. The company has an option to increase political force; it very well may be contended the enterprise must do as such for endurance. Moreover, the disposition of government without a doubt doesn't yield unnecessary capacity to the partnerships, as has been demonstrated ordinarily by administrative activity. The birthplaces of American dread of companies start before the introduction of America, when the Sons of Liberty organized the Boston Tea Party. Notwithstanding what our grade school history exercises let us know, the Bostonians were essentially worried that the East India Company had increased enough force with the provincial government to exact the assessment in any case. The genuine explanation behind their dumping a great many pounds of tea into Boston Harbor was to act against the company that was increasing enough size to overwhelm their lives (People’s Bicentennial Commission, xii). Later on in American history, Abraham Lincoln predicted an oppression of organizations to come. He kept in touch with his companion in 1864: It has surely been a difficult hour for the Republic; yet I find sooner rather than later an emergency moving toward that terrifies me and makes me tremble for the wellbeing of my nation. . . [C]orporations have been enthroned and a time of defilement in high places will follow, and the cash influence of the nation will try to drag out its rule by working upon the biases of the individuals until all riches is amassed in a couple of hands and the Republic is demolished. (Shaw, 40) Numerous other incredible Americans, including Thomas Je...

Charlotte Haldanes The Last Great Empress of China :: Chinese History Essays

Charlotte Haldane's The Last Great Empress of China â€Å"Never again permit any ladies to hold preeminent force in the state. It is against the house-law of our Dynasty, and ought to be carefully prohibited. Be mindful so as not to allow eunuchs to intrude in Government matters. The Ming Dynasty was brought to destroy by eunuchs, and its destiny ought to be a notice to my people†(Haldane 259). These were the last expressions of the last extraordinary ruler of China, Tzu Hsi. It might be said this announcement was unexpected. For right around 50 years this one lady administered China with a smooth yet iron clench hand. The Last Great Empress of China, composed by Charlotte Haldane, is the narrative of how Tzu Hsi (1861-1908, rose to power and figured out how to keep it. Known by a few names over a mind-blowing span, Tzu Hsi was shrewd, lovely, and had a voice that could beguile anybody. Picked as an Imperial Concubine in the second rate class, Yehonala (as she was known at that point) took incredible consideration to win the kindness of the present Empress Dowager. Her subsequent stage was to win the kindness of the youthful Emperor Hsien Feng, which she achieved with the assistance of the Chief Eunuch, who she had additionally prevailed upon. As she continued looking for extreme force the most fortunate occasion that came to pass for her was the introduction of her child. Since the Empress Consort Sakota neglected to deliver a beneficiary, Yenonala’s child was to turn into the beneficiary evident, raising her to the situation of first position mistress. Over an incredible span, Tzu Hsi play ed her cards well, constantly expanding her capacity. Tzu Hsi’s hunger for power made her be the focal point of a few outrages through the span of her rule. It is said that she masterminded the demise of the Empress Consort Sakota (otherwise called the Tzu An) and two powerful mistresses whom she considered a danger to her position. Not having the option to achieve these passings all alone, Tzu Hsi went to those nearest to her, the imperial eunuchs. Despite the fact that the eunuchs when in doubt were not to talk except if addressed first, the Chief Eunuch, whoever he was at that point, turned into her nearest partner.

Poets Poet Essay Example

Writers Poet Essay Spenser..has consistently been felt by his kinsmen to be what Charles Lamb called him, the 'Writers Poet. He has had more worshipful admiration and impersonation from his brethren than all the rest set up. (Chase, L, 1845:75). Sharing Hunts see, we surely accept his affirmation is past question. Conceived in London in 1552, Edmund Spenser is viewed as one of the most extraordinary Elizabethan artists. He profited by the support of Robert Nowell since 1569, he began his instruction in Merchant Taylor School, where he achieved a Bachelors qualification in 1572. Following four years, he accomplished the Masters certificate at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge (Jokinen, A., 2006:1). With the fulfillment of having carried on a long strategically and abstractly beneficial life, Spenser passed on in January, thirteenth, 1599, in London, being covered at Westminister Abbey (Encyclopedia Britannica, 1994:1,4) SPENSERS LIFETIME We will compose a custom exposition test on Poets Poet explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Poets Poet explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Poets Poet explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer His associations with Politics and its impact In 1580, Spenser was named secretary to Lord Arthur Gray of Wilton, the ruler appointee of Ireland. He was approached to help in the merciless and blood-splashed English settlements in Ireland, where he went through the following two years (Zurcher, A., 2008:2). Such was Spensers reverence for Lord Gray, that Arthegal the exemplification of equity in the Faerie Queene is his apparent encapsulation. Spenser wholeheartedly endorsed of Grays brutal political measures in Ireland, as the point legitimizes the methods. The artist thought of them as basic for the duration of English control and the Protestant religion. The Lords horrendous strategies advanced a disagreement with the sovereigns particular hindering way, which brought about Grays review in 1582. From that second, Spenser ventured down from his arrangement, yet stayed in the open help. Because of Spensers encounters in Ireland, he wrote in 1596 A perspective on the Present State of Ireland (distributed after death in 1633), in which the Irish situation is portrayed and potential arrangements are advanced (Jokinen, A., 2006:2,3). Spensers relationship with Elizabeth I Edmund Spenser felt an outrageous interest for Englands leader of those occasions: Queen Elizabeth I. It was because of Spensers love that his critical perfect work of art The Faerie Queene was composed and along these lines committed to Elizabeth I. It was viewed as the most gigantic commendation at any point offered to any lady in a sonnet. Taking into account Elizabeths splendid strategies about government and religion, Spenser set out to contrast her and the Virgin Mary, differentiating the two sovereigns: of Heaven and of Earth; and bringing out Elizabeths force, modesty and superb government. (Sinclair, 1999:2). Spensers writing Early works By the 1580s, the youthful craftsman had just composed several sonnets despite the fact that he didn't distribute them. His first gem was known as The Shepherds Calendar (1579), which significance depended on the utilization of an assortment of beautiful structures so as to advance the jargon of English verse (Anonymous, 2006: 1). Model Writers Edmund Spensers philosophical style of composing is a mix of old and contemporary artists and logicians. He joins Platonism utilizing the thoughts of affection on human and celestial levels with the ethical impression of life of Aristotelianism. (Unknown, 2006:2). The period the writer spent at the University of Cambridge was profoundly valuable, as it gave him the premise to his composition and his own style. Subsequent to being impacted by Virgil, Ludovico Ariosto and Torquato Tasso, Spenser began his showstopper The Faerie Queene; and being in contact with the Italian and the French peaceful verse drove him to create The Shepherds Calendar. The impact of Petrarch was absolutely critical for composing Epithalamion and Amoretti (Encyclopedia Britannica, 1994:2). In any case, the most persuasive individuals in Spensers writing were the Areopagus, an artistic and scholarly gathering of men of honor including Sir Philip Sidney, Sir Edward Dyer, Daniel Rogers, and Thomas Drant, who might assemble so as to talk about law, theory and verse (Zurcher, 2008:2). Spenser and other Elizabethan writers. Because of his unconventional composing style, which depended on the utilization of ancient phrasing, Spenser is viewed as an equivalent among William Shakespeare, Sir Philip Sidney and John Milton.

Essay examples --

Habit: Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids Anabolic steroids, actually known as anabolic-androgenic steroids, are drugs that are identified with the cyclic steroid ring framework and have comparable impacts to testosterone in the body. They increment protein inside cells, particularly in skeletal muscles. They address the turn of events and upkeep of manly attributes, for example, the development of the vocal ropes, balls and body hair. Anabolic steroids were first made during the 1930s, and are currently utilized restoratively in medication to invigorate bone development and hunger, instigate male pubescence and treat incessant squandering conditions, for example, malignant growth and AIDS. The American College of Sports Medicine recognizes that AAS, within the sight of satisfactory eating regimen, can add to increments in body weight, frequently as fit mass increments and that the additions in strong quality accomplished through high-force practice and appropriate eating regimen can be moreover expanded by the utilization o f AAS in certain people. Wellbeing dangers can be delivered by long haul utilize or exorbitant portions of anabolic steroids. These impacts remember destructive changes for cholesterol levels, skin inflammation, hypertension, liver harm, and perilous changes in the structure of the left ventricle of the heart. Conditions relating to hormonal irregular characteristics, for example, gynecomastia and testicular decay may likewise be brought about by anabolic steroids. Ergogenic utilizes for anabolic steroids in sports, dashing, and lifting weights as execution upgrading drugs are questionable in view of their antagonistic impacts and the possibility to increase out of line advantage is viewed as cheating. Their utilization is alluded to as doping and restricted by all major donning bodies. Instrument of activity The pharmacodynamics of anabolic steroids are dissimilar to peptid... ...ses the creation of red platelets. Through various systems anabolic steroids animate the development of muscle cells and thus cause an expansion in the size of skeletal muscles, prompting expanded quality. The androgenic impacts of AAS are various. Contingent upon the length of utilization, the reactions of the steroid can be irreversible. Procedures influenced incorporate pubertal development, sebaceous organ oil creation, and sexuality. A few instances of impacts are development of the clitoris in females and the penis in male kids, expanded vocal rope size, expanded drive, concealment of normal sex hormones, and hindered creation of sperm. Impacts on ladies incorporate developing of the voice, facial hair development, and perhaps an abatement in bosom size. Men may build up a growth of bosom tissue, known as gynecomastia, testicular decay, and a decreased sperm check.

Cause and Effects of Drug Use in High Schools Free Essays

Cause and Effects of Drug use in High schools The utilization of medication is turning out to be commonness in today’s society. Medication misuse is alluded to as admission of medications by over does of the endorsed tranquilize given by clinical work force or consuming medications on an individual’s individual intrigue or impact by certain gatherings of individuals. To be sure, the term tranquilize misuse is utilized to show exorbitance and incessant utilization of medications whether or not an individual is relying upon it or not. We will compose a custom exposition test on Cause and Effects of Drug Use in High Schools or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now Medication misuse is compound substances that apply temperament adjusting impacts on the cerebrum and which are equipped for creating dependence. They are mishandled for the emotions they produce. Medication use normally starts in secondary school, ordinarily with nicotine from cigarettes. The principal cause is straightforward interest. Numerous adolescents have found out about medications can be fun, can cause an individual to feel and act unique, and they are interested to encounter them for themselves. Companion bunch impact is likewise one of the causes. The sort of companion singular partner and relate with could lead one to participate in sedate maltreatment. Youngsters ingest medications to feel cool and intrigue their companions. A few youngsters will do whatever their companions do, just to fit in and follow the group. They don’t need to be the only one not accomplishing something; even it is something perilous. Another explanation youngsters consume medications is to get away from their existence. Perhaps their home life is unsettled, possibly they have an exhausting activity, or under heaps of weight in secondary school. For this situation, they ingest medications to escape that troubled reality. They can feel somewhat more daring, more grounded, more astute, increasingly lovely or progressively significant. Obviously this doesn’t keep going long, however that doesn’t matter. For the short time that the medications are taking effect, the client can disregard the issues, duties and confinements of regular daily existence, and departure to a dreamland. This is the reason they are so alluring to youngsters and in spite of their threats. Be that as it may, medicate misuse can prompt medication reliance. It can harm the frameworks in the body, lead to anxious issue, and causes other wellbeing risks. Interior organs could be similarly influenced by medication and substance misuse. The side effects are increment heart and breathing rates and circulatory strain, and diminishing hunger. Reactions can incorporate perspiring, dry mouth, obscured vision, a sleeping disorder, and tipsiness. What's more clients can feel eager, on edge and testy, become sensitive and have a misguided feeling of intensity and security. In addition, grievances of indiscipline in the school are for the most part a result of medication misuse. Medication misuse could likewise causes psychological instability with the result of drop-out of school. It could cause decrease in the cultural good and social qualities. The vicious propensities are additionally connected with medicate misuse. As indicated by those, maltreatment of medications influences a person’s physical or passionate conditions, even both. Medication misuse can prompt lackluster showing of the understudies in the schools. Since dominant part of medication maltreatment among young people start in secondary schools, the offices can have early location and counteraction by show understudies the impact of medication use. Word tally: 504 Instructions to refer to Cause and Effects of Drug Use in High Schools, Essay models

File Reading Part III - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

File Reading Part III - UGA Undergraduate Admissions File Reading Part III This section will be brief, as I have written about it a number of times. The file reading topic for the day is Intellectual Challenge/Rigor of Curriculum. First, dont ask how many AP/IB/Honors/Advanced/Dual Enrollment/Post-AP/TBE (The Best Ever!) classes you should take, because there is no right answer. Instead, look at the academic opportunities both at your school and in your community for the answer. What I mean is, most competitive colleges are going to look at what academic options are available to you as a student, and what you have then chosen to take. What have you done within the context of what is available? In two files I am looking at right now, one school offers 31 Honors courses and 28 AP courses (including at least four language options), while the second has 18 honors courses and 1 AP (with only two languages offered). These are just two examples, and there is an even wider range of options within the 2,524 high schools from which we have applicants this year. In addition, we are not just counting AP classes, but looking at the depth and breadth of a students rigor in their core academic areas. I would rather see a student challenge themselves across the board with rigorous classes than to take 4 AP courses in one field, but basic courses in the rest. And dont fall for the idea that you should take the lightest load so you can make all As, because this is not a good move if applying to UGA, and it is not a good way to prepare for college. Challenge yourself to the level that you can handle, and understand that this is a serious factor in admissions at UGA. In our file reading, we are not just looking at high school courses, though, but at a students overall academic challenge. We have applicants who attend college classes in the summer, take independent study classes in addition to their high school offerings, attend Governors Honors programs (or similar options) for 4-6 weeks in specialized academic fields, and do independent research in areas in which they are passionate. I still remember the applicant who drove one hour across Los Angeles to take entomology classes (his intended major at UGA), traveled to South America to study insects in the rain forest, and worked with college faculty on research projects. Now, dont run out and start collecting bugs right this minute, but instead understand the broad spectrum of what makes up academic opportunities. In addition, dont suddenly post replies asking if X,Y or Z activity counts. Just understand that we look at the whole of a students academic options, and how they have taken advantage of these opportunities. So challenge yourself, find your passion, and understand how we look at an applicants academic challenge. I guess this wasnt so brief, was it! Go Dawgs!

U.S. Foreign Policy and Economic Crisis in the Eurozone - 825 Words

How can U.S. Foreign Policy be used for the conflict of the Economic Crisis in the Eurozone (Essay Sample) Content: Euro zone and the us foreign policyNameInstitutionEuro zone and us foreign policyThe United States foreign policy is put in place to provide guidelines on how it interacts with the international community. The guidelines set involve all the aspects of the United States including the government, its citizens, and corporations. The foreign policy put in place has goals that it aims to achieve which include coming up with the world that is prosperous, secure, and democratic, not only for the American citizens but for the international community as a whole. The policy also works on developing a good working relationship with international organizations like the Organization of American States and the United Nations (Daianu, 2012). Different branches of the United States government participate in conducting the duties of the policy, and the public is also given an opportunity to give their opinion on the same. The euro zone, on the other hand, consists of different countr ies from Europe that have come together for different benefits. The members of the euro zone are not allowed to leave the organization in any given circumstance. Member states of the euro area have had an economic crisis since the year 2009. Many countries were not able to pay the government debt that they had or refinance the said debt. The countries were only ale t pay the debts with the help of a third party. The inflation was as a result of many reasons, but the concerned states and organizations looked for ways that could aid in reducing the effects of the crisis.In this regard, the United States foreign policy can help deal with this crisis to a great extent. To begin with, the foreign policy ay work towards offering loans with low interests to the affected member states to enable them to stabilize or pay off the debts owed by the government. These loans may be given over a period that is convenient and easy for the concerned countries to pay. Another way in which the foreign policy can help is through the provision of a ready market for the exports from the affected countries. It can also loosen the requirements that come with the exportation process for easier exports from the euro zone. A ready market for exports will mean that the countries can get revenue from these exports, which will lessen the crisis being experienced.Another way the policy can aid the crisis being suffered by the concerned courtiers is offering more employment opportunities for members of the given states. This may be done by being less strict on the employment requirements for jobs in the United States. This will help in making sure that the citizens of the euro zone can easily get jobs in the United States and thus invest more in their country. The government can also get revenue from taxes collected on the money sent home to family members by those who may be employed abroad (Jacobs, 2005).The United States policy can also work on creating more investments in the affected cou ntries. This can be done mainly by creating more job opportunities through the construction of factories or businesses that can offer employment opportunities to the citizens of the affected countries. The policy may also help by contributing in any way it can o the bailout policies set by the member states to help bring them out of the crisis. This may be through financial assistance or any other way. It can be a real boost to the affected counties and may help them get through the financial crisis (Jacobs, 2005). Another way in which the policy can help the affected countries is through peacekeeping missions in those countries that may be affected by internal conflict. A war zone may mean that the country lacks peace, which may be an enormous impact on the economic growth of the country. By ensuring that a country is stable, the policy will help in stabilizing the countrys economy, which means that the affected state can support itself. In conjunction with other organizations like the United Na...

Short Story The Kite Runner - 1246 Words

Nick St. Sauveur World Literature II 20 November 2015 Mrs. Hogan Kite Runner Essay Amir: Lost In Fear Over the duration of history, it has been shown that guilt not brought to light can do little in the name of personal redemption. Moreover, this is clearly connected with and related to Khaled Hosseini s fantastic novel The Kite Runner, one of which describes as well as shows the thoughts and actions of teens through the story s main character, Amir, and his many adventures as an upset adult in the United States during which he recalls the memories of his rich youth in the unstable conditions of Kabul, Afghanistan and its crippled government. The novel shows the simple yet powerful ability of guilt to influence the choice and cause conflicts that come up between Amir s teen companion and half-brother, Hassan. The recoil of which affects Amir s father, Baba, and most importantly of all, himself. Amir’s difference in class and his personal search to become good again brings on a revelation, telling Amir to recognize his sins an d change into the person he wants to be. The difference in class causes discrimination and creates tension among inhabitants as well as close friends in Afghanistan. In the novel, the main character, Amir, and his father, Baba, are both members of the Pashtun Sunni Muslims. Many Pashtuns of Afghanistan have thought of themselves to beShow MoreRelatedSymbolism Of Kite Running By Khaled Hosseini1243 Words   |  5 PagesKali Denney Mr. Snyder AP Literature and Composition 11 December 2015 Symbolism of Kite Running In this essay the book being discussed is, Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini. Khaled Hosseini’s biography will be discussed as well as the historical influences upon him that affect the novel as a whole. The essay will contain a critical analysis as well as an analysis of the critical response to the work by others. In the novel and now a grown man, the main character Amir recalls events in his childhoodRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1367 Words   |  6 Pagesshare the same characteristics. Akin to siblings, the best-selling novel, The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini in the early twenty-first century parallels â€Å"Roman Fever†, a short story written by Edith Wharton in 1934. Despite their gap of publication, only a year shy of seventy years, these two novels are more related than one might originally consider. For those who have not had the pleasure of reading The Kite Runner, Hosseini marched to the top of New York Times’ Best-Sellers list for a reasonRead MoreKhaled Hossieni s The Kite Runner1433 Words   |  6 Pagesmedicine in the private sector in 1996. (britannica.com) The Kite Runner was his first novel and he had the idea to write a novel while still practicing medicine in 2001 and then published The Kite Runner in 2003. Initially, he wrote a light twenty five page short story about boys in Kabul flying kites after being inspired from a news story about the Taliban and all the limitations they placed on people, it said that they even banned the sport of kite running. That struck a personal chord for Hossieni asRead MoreThe Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini1313 Words   |  5 Pageswas also poor as she started writing the saga on napkins in coffee shops. This way of writing, however, is not unique to just J.K. Rowling. Khaled Hosseini also incorporates life experiences int o some of his novels. A prime example of this is The Kite Runner. The storyline of this novel reflects his past to create a journey of a young Afghanistan boy, whose name is Amir. This boy changes drastically throughout his lifetime from a close minded, considerably arrogant boy to an open hearted and mindedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Kite Runner And Oedipus Rex 1309 Words   |  6 PagesEven as literature has multiple genres, themes can still parallel each other regardless that they will appear in two altogether varying works conceived and written by very different authors and in distinctly separate timeframes. Even as The Kite Runner is written as a work of historical fiction and Oedipus Rex develops a well known and praised Greek tragedy, a theme of betrayal places itself throughout both. Literature demonstrates that morals can genuinely be learned through any method. In bothRead MoreTheme Of Betrayal In The Kite Runner1331 Words   |  6 PagesThem Out Because Of It Even as literature has multiple genres, themes can still parallel each other regardless of appearing in two altogether varying works very different authors of distinctly separate time frames conceive and write. Even as The Kite Runner is written as a work of historical fiction and Oedipus Rex develops a well known and praisable Greek tragedy, a theme of betrayal places itself throughout both. Literature demonstrates that morals can genuinely be learned through any method. InRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini Essay797 Words   |  4 Pages The book The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini is a fictional story that follows Amir, a Afgani refugee who fled during the revolution of the early 1980 s. Amir and his family s servant Hassan would play together as kids, innocent to the world. Ignorant of any differences between them, neither socially nor ethnically. As 1974 approaches, war breaks out, and the reality these differences that they are so ignorant of begins to reveal itself . Their lives begin to change rapidly after the onsetRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1083 Words   |  5 Pagesview The Kite Runner is an epic story with a personal history of what the people of Afghanistan had and have to endure in an ordinary every day life; a country that is divided between political powers and religiously idealistic views and beliefs which creates poverty, and violence within the people and their terrorist run country. The story line is more personal with the description of Afghanistan s culture and traditions, along with the lives of the people who live in Kabul. The story providesRead MoreHistory Now1070 Words   |  5 PagesSentence Variety Quiz, 35 points Begin Unit: Loyalty and Betrayal, Section D, The Kite Runner The Kite Runner: Introduction Section Warm-Up: Kite Flying Before You Read Building Background - Tutorial: The Kite Runner Reading 2: The Kite Runner Continue Unit: Loyalty and Betrayal, Section D, The Kite Runner Friday, 3/2/2012 Reading 2: The Kite Runner. continued Assignment: Web Page 100 points The Kite Runner Quiz, 40 points Unit Exam: Loyalty and Betrayal, 50 points Begin Unit: Life andRead MoreThe Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini687 Words   |  3 PagesMistakes come with consequences that may follow one for the rest of their life. In the novel, The Kite Runner, Amir, the protagonist, makes rash decisions that come to haunt him and cause him to think twice about himself. After finding out that Hassan, his best friend and half brother had been shot by a Talib, he decides to save the last of his family in Afghanistan which is to find Hassan’s son, his nephew, Sohrab. Amir frees himself from guilt by straightening out his wrong doings and giving back

The Growth Of International Economy - 1461 Words

The growth of international economy is significantly being driven by trade liberalization. The concept of free trade was firstly presented by Francisco de Vitoria in 16th century (Nussbaum, 1947). Then two early economists Adam Smith and David Ricardo proposed the concept of liberalization trade and applied the theory to practice. Since the end of World War II, the United Sates devoted itself into reducing tariff-barriers and free trade. As a result, the United States led the establishment of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) (World Trade Organization, 1997). FTAs as a tool of trade liberalization can effectively utilize resource allocation, stimulate competition and increase capital†¦show more content†¦For dynamic panel data model, it is used to eliminate deviation which leads to the inaccurate result of the research (Anderson Cheng, 1982). In addition, several factors are considered in the models, including the time effect, distance between units, common language, common land boarders, trade policy, the level of domestic product and trade policies (Lira, Lee and Lee, 2012). According to the results of the research, Lira, Lee and Lee (2012) concluded that there is less insignificant difference in benefits of participating in FTAs between rich and poor countries and signatory members can benefit significantly from joining FTAs, increase of trade flows from 200% to 220% using the most reliable estimation techniques. It can be clearly seen that FTAs guarantee the economical fairness among the members, while the members benefit economic interest. However, critics asserted that FTAs cannot maintain fairness among members because of the trade asymmetry. For instance, through establishing the dynamic panel data model and analyzing the Europe Agreement (EA), Caporale, et al. (2012) believed that FTA causes an increase in trade deficits for member and trade asymmetry because of the existence of economic and technological gaps between members. According to the statistics, it can be seen that FTAs of Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC-4) deteriorated the trade balance by over 0.12% of GDP (Caporale, et al., 2012). In other words, as the difference of economicShow MoreRelatedThe Country Of Mexico, Economy, Economic Growth, And International Balances2080 Words   |  9 Pagespossible causes and how it has affects Mexico’s GDP (gross national product), pricing structure, job market, economic growth, and international balances. Lastly, I will give my suggestions about some possible solutions to how Mexico can correct the challenges that have occurred and are occurring within their economy. Keywords: Mexico, history, economy, trade, GDP â€Æ' U.S. Economy Trade Introduction In my macroeconomics class we were given a project to pick a country within a certain continent givenRead MoreComparing The Economic Profiles Of Brazil And France1677 Words   |  7 PagesComparisons: Labour Productivity Page 7 Conclusion Page 8 References Summary France and Brazil have shown to have different economies, but are both significant contributors in the global economy. The two countries are active and of importance to international trade, and although France has more access to the European Markets, Brazil has an opportunity in the international markets. The opportunity comes because Brazil has high interest rates, which investors will probably find attractive. There areRead MoreEconomic Growth Of Post War Japan1361 Words   |  6 Pagesleft over in Japan, Japan was able to rebuilding its infrastructure and reconstruct their economy. It is revealed that the Japanese economy was on its way to recovery, which received a rapid development since the war, and the reconstruction of Japan had spent less than forty years to become the world’s second largest economy in the 1980s. This essay will explore the three factors account for the economic growth of post-war Japan: the financial assistance from the United States, the external e nvironmentRead MoreThe Economic Growth Of The Swiss Economy1747 Words   |  7 PagesThe Swiss economy picked its momentum in 2013, when it began to benefit from the monetary and fiscal policies adopted by the government in 2011 and 2012 (Leal 307). In 2013, inflation was still a problem in the country and the country went through the year without any international exchange market intervention, but its currency remained stable as the Swiss National Bank had imposed to curb deflationary pressure (Leal 307). During the year, the country, managed to contain mortgage imbalances, whichRead MoreUnderstanding The Financial Market And Globalization1529 Words   |  7 Pagesin India Prepared By Dionne Benard FIN4604005_2014f_81778 International Finance Fall 2014 Understanding the Financial Market and Globalization in India Abstract The research paper is a brief study that explains the different factors that play a key role in growth international financial market in India. We also took a brief look at what the RBI (Reserve Bank of India) and their role in the growth of India’s economy. The study does not talk about the risks of investing in IndiaRead MoreThe Impact Of Technological And Commercial Effects On Economic Growth1642 Words   |  7 Pagesresources and nations differ in their preferences, capacity for growth and development, scale of production and technology. This creates the basis for (international) trade which enables exchange and consumption of goods and services which they cannot produce, thereby enjoying variety of goods and services to improve the standard of living of their people. Some of the positive effects International trade (IT) have on economic growth (EG) were pointed out by Smith (1776) and this idea triumphed untilRead MoreThe Micro Economy Of Australia922 Words   |  4 Pagesg. coffee industry). The Micro economy of Australia is one of the largest mixed market economies in the world, with a GDP of US$1.525 trillion as of 2014.Australia s total wealth is 6.4 trillion dollars. In 2012, it was the 12th largest national economy by nominal GDP about 1.7% of the world economy. Australia is the 19th-largest importer and 19th-largest exporter. The Reserve Bank of Australia publishes forecasts of the economy quarterly. The Australian economy is dominated by its service sectorRead MoreGrowing and Emergin Economies: South Korea1116 Words   |  4 Pagesand emerging economy offers multinational companies the option of conducting business globally. Rapid growth and transformation of the South Korean economy has enabled the country to become a leader in the global market. Multinational companies that are looking for new global markets should pay attention to the South Korean economy. Strong markets exist for many industries within South Korea. The emerging electronics and motor vehicle market in South Korea has pushed its economy into one of theRead MoreThe Economic Growth Of The Global Economy Essay1488 Words   |  6 PagesMinisters and the Governors of the Central Bank gathered for their annual global finance convocation. Due to stagnation and inadequate economic growth the mood was somber. The group did not see any options for bettering the stagnation and structural changes in the global econ omy. The International Monetary Fund has forecasted downward and feels the global economy is entering unexplored dangerous territory. Central Banks fear they will not be able to keep up with the possible recession. Lawrence SummersRead MoreThe Impact Of International Trade On The Development Process Of A Developing Economy1469 Words   |  6 PagesThe importance of international trade in the world has been widely studied and also examines the role of international trade in the various issues. Mainly my paper focused on the relationship between Economic Development and international trade, disadvantages of international trade also discussed. International trade is an activity of strategies importance in the development process of a developing economy. International specialization means that different countries of the world specialize in producing

Secret of the Attraction of Smoking Free Essay Example, 2500 words

After two centuries of tobacco smoking, the adverse effects started becoming more apparent and the cause of disease and deaths was traced back to smoking. The imposition of stronger bans and penalties in counties were started to try to control the use of tobacco. Powerful anti-smoking campaigns were run and Germany was one of the first countries to paint the picture of unsuitable behavior for a woman is smoking. From then on the harmful effects of smoking were more closely examined and research was funded. As the heads of the tobacco industries were by now very rich and powerful, backed by governments, it was difficult to control the production of cigarettes. And the illegal black market was flooded to tobacco products where countries had banned smoking. At this time, each and every country is aware of the harmful effects of tobacco but because of the tobacco moguls controlling the industry has found ways to infiltrate countries. There have been multiple conspiracy theories where th e involvement of the tobacco conglomerate has been implicated in silencing politicians who voiced their anti-tobacco views. The modus operandi of smoking tobacco is, the smoke is inhaled through the nostrils into the lungs, which enters the bloodstream through the one cell membrane of the alveoli, through the capillary bed by diffusion. We will write a custom essay sample on Secret of the Attraction of Smoking or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

The Importance of Education for Children with Disability...

Education and Disability INTRODUCTION The importance of education for all children, especially for those with disability and with limited social and economic opportunities, is indisputable. Indeed, the special education system allowed children with disability increased access to public education. Apart from that, the special education system has provided for them an effective framework for their education, and for the institutions involved to identify children with disability sooner. In turn, this promotes greater inclusion of children with disability alongside their nondisabled peers. In spite of these advances however, many obstacles remain, including delays in providing services for children with disability, as well as regulatory and†¦show more content†¦Also, they are often held to lower expectations, are less likely to take the full academic curriculum in higher education, and have a higher tendency to drop out of school. This study intends to explore on the services offered to students with disabilities, and the outcomes of these services to their education and career goals. It will examine if the obstacles faced by special needs children have to do with how effective the policies are in addressing the needs of such children. This study is important to children with disabilities because it can help them discover the education opportunities available for them, the institutions they can rely on for economic support, and the treatment they should expect from the society. RESEARCH QUESTIONS Many studies focused on how the services for special needs children contribute to their education. However, very few studies recognize the role of the society in their attitude towards success. This paper answers the following questions: 1) how education affect the disabled, 2) how to improve education outcomes for students with disabilities, 3) how can the society deal with the disabled students, and 3) how to identify special learning disabilities. METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN In an attempt to answer the four research questions, four related empirical studies are evaluated. The first study by Aron and Loprest in 2012 deals with the importance of specialShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Special Learning Needs For Children With Disabilities, And Different Processes / Aspects Of Special Education1111 Words   |  5 Pageswas asked to an individual who frequently interacts with children with some form of disability. The purpose of this assignment is to gain a deeper understanding of students with disabilities, the individuals who interact with them, and different processes/aspects of special education. Amy Edwards - a special education teacher at McKinley Elementary located in Xenia, Ohio was interviewed. Ms. Edwards first became interested in special education at a young age. The pastor at her church had a daughterRead MoreLevel 3 Diploma998 Words   |  4 PagesUnit 030 Outcome 1: . 1.1. Describe the social, economic and cultural factors that will impact on the lives of children Look at the factors below how will could they affect a child’s life; * Education; poor education could effect future goals and aspirations * Disability; unable to access certain services or activities * Poverty; poor health and hygiene, lack of activities and experiences being accessed * Housing; poor health, unable to develop fully. * Offending behaviour;Read MoreFamily Participation And Child Needs Special Education1509 Words   |  7 PagesParents know their children better than anyone else. That s why parent involvement play a crucial role when the child needs special education. This essay will discuss the importance of family participation and impacts of family participation in special education. Firstly, the essay will briefly describe what challenges special need children face, secondly, the essay will discuss key terms in the literature about the importance of family participation in education program and importance of parents inRead MoreCommunity Participation And Social Inclusion1493 Words   |  6 Pageson the participation of many disadvantaged groups, such as people with disability. Studies from the General Social Survey indicate that on average, people with disability are 15% less likely to participate in sport than the overall population. It strongly suggests the type of disability and suppor t needs are important considerations in the participation and non-participation forms of people with disability. 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This policy was implemented in an effort to provide equal access to education for all. Prior to 1975, the needs of children with disabilities were highly overlooked. According to the Department of Education, Office of Special Edu cation and Rehabilitative Services (2010)Read MoreF Time : Family Life Cycle Transition Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pagestransition is a non-normative event that happens outside the expected life cycle and may cause trauma or a conflict to the family of the child with the disability. These events that happen are known as unexpected transitions which are experienced at an unanticipated or unusual time during the life cycle transition of a family who have a child with disabilities (Turnbull, Turnbull, Erwin, Soodak, Shogren, 2011). For example the demise of an older person may be considered a natural part of the life cycleRead MoreChildren s Academic And Social Competencies1549 Words   |  7 Pagesfamilies, communities, and the economic future of the United States is reinforced. Surprisingly, one in four children in the United States living in low-income households enters kindergarten not equipped to learn and, as a result, fall behind from the start. â€Å"Children s academic a nd social competencies at kindergarten entry are important predictors of success throughout school; children who enter school not ready to learn struggle with academic difficulties and [can] manifest social and behaviorRead More Technology Needs in the Special Education Secondary Classroom1370 Words   |  6 Pagesspecial education classroom is lacking. Special education class rooms and resource settings utilize only the basic, out of date technology that has been in use for many years. Typically the only available technology made available to special education or resource settings are the overhead projector, television, and tape recorder. According to the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (2009), seventy-five percent of students with disabilities rarely or never use computers. General education classes

Employee Selection the Role of Hrm Finding Free Essays

Denise L. Thomas Dr. Courtney Bibby Human Resource Management MBA 605 March 2, 2013 Employer Selection the Role of HRM finding the Right Candidate The role of Human Resources Management, here in after referred to as HRM has many faces; the most important role that HRM assumes is in the staffing of human resources. We will write a custom essay sample on Employee Selection the Role of Hrm Finding or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper will explore the methods and strategies that are used in the selection for Mr. or Ms. Right. Do HRMs handle this important role with expertise? Employment selection impacts many levels, as it delivers an important net result. Companies are as good and productive as the employees that represent them. Employee selection has a vital role in the success of all companies. Most would agree the reason we return to a favorite restaurant, retailer or business establishment is largely due to the personnel. A new product launch, operational production requirements, an aging workforce and seasonal demands, are all reasons management will turn to the HRM manager for support in addressing their staffing needs. HRMs will conduct a needs assessment for reaching the hiring goals and objectives. Hiring the right person the first time doesn’t happen by accident; it happens by design. Always be clear about the position you want to fill-long before interviewing. Define the Thomas page 2 position based on what your business needs. Identify the standards, skills and knowledge that the perfect hire would have†. (Cameron Keis, 2003). Now, with a firm understanding of the expectations needed for hiring. The HRM manag er needs to enlist potential candidates to meet these objectives. Recruiting in todays’ world of the internet is much more efficient than methods of the past. There are numerous job boards to begin your recruiting rocess. Job boards like Career Builder and Monster service many employer’s with various hiring needs, they have proven creditability for attracting quality job seekers. A consultant will assist the HRM manager to achieve the visibility and positioning to attract candidates to their web page. Although the internet provides a great resource for pooling talent, there are other tried and true methods for recruiting. Internal job postings are a great opportunity for current employees to consider advancement; this also gives management an idea of personnel seeking to move forward within the company. In many cases word of mouth will yield good results for networking and recruiting for career openings. Current employees may have knowledge of someone whom they feel would be great for a position. It’s a good idea to include different types of recruiting to gain a broader reach for talent. The most time consuming part of recruiting is the first round of interviews. It is common for HRMs to schedule phone interviews with applicants. The phone interview allows the ability to gage the potential of a candidate before bringing them in for a face to face Thomas page 3 interview. Phone interviews will able HRM to address any question you may have about items on a job application or resume. The phone interview may incorporate questions that are behavioral and those that are situational. This type of inquiry will be helpful in examining the ways an applicant handles conflicts and problem solving. This may also illustrate the applicant’s ability to lead and persuade other towards a preferred outcome. Another important aspect included as part of the pre- interview is testing. â€Å"Testing and assessments are a must for your short-list interview process. † (Cameron Keis, 2003). The analysis of behaviors prior to the face to face interview should not be overestimated. Currently these exams are provided during face to face interview or most often inclusive with the online applications. Upon completion of the pre- interview screenings, the best candidates of this process should be selected for in person interviews. Mangers that will be involved with the interview and decision making need to be prepared and skilled in their interview technique for this final process. â€Å"As with most managerial skills, the skills required to make a better hiring decision can be learned and can be developed with practice. Along with examining skills, the astute manager considers an applicant’s fit with the organization’s culture. If the culture is open and loose in an organic structure, a bureaucratic personality would make a poor fit. â€Å" (Buhler, 1992). So now the fun begins. Hiring managers have a shared responsibility during this phase of the staffing process. The environment should be one that is conducive for the meeting. Thomas page 5 Applicants are also reviewing the work place to visualize if they could envision themselves working in the location. It may be a good idea to alert the office staff that interviews will be taking place, all staff needs to exhibit best practice office etiquette during this open house of prespective new hires. I feel this aspect is often overlooked. I recall on many occasions I observed the work culture of an office during my visit, and determined I wasn’t a good fit for the group. Additionally, managers who have not familiarized themselves with the resumes and or applications do a disservice to the process of interviewing. I have been frustrated during an interview when I find myself becoming redundant to an issue. All applicants understand that HRMs and managers are busy, however, we are discussing future employment and what contribution I can make to your organization! Moreover, when we consider the cost investment for hiring and training of new employees this matter requires a serious commitment from all involved. â€Å"The setting of the interview is extremely important to get it off to the right start. This is an opportunity for the applicant to â€Å"interview† and judge the organization. † (Buhler, 1992). HRMs in many corporations have a structured interview format that they are required to adhere to, in maintaining the integrity of the hiring process. The interviewer will let you know prior to the start of the questioning, if they will be taking notes of your answers. I have participated in a number of these types of interviews and most of the questions are behavioral or situational. A candidate that has done their homework will be prepared to answer this line of questioning. In some situations a face to face meeting will be conducted by a HRM manager. They will conduct the interview and make referrals to the manager. Thomas page 6 â€Å"Hiring is more than merely selecting a â€Å"nice person. † It requires carefully selecting the best person for the position. A new skill being sought in new hires is innovation. Organizations without innovation will become stagnant and perish in time. Survival means thinking creatively. The best infusion of creativity comes from outside the organization—from new hires. † (Buhler, 1992). â€Å"Traditional interviews don’t accomplish a lot. In selection interviews they ask the wrong questions, ask the questions the wrong way, violate laws, fail to take adequate notes and ignore body language†. (Smart, 1987) . I can attest that I have participated in interviews that made me want to exchange places with the person behind the desk. Some managers are very uncomfortable with the responsibility needed to become a skillful interviewer. Situations where it is detected that the interviewer seems displaced allows the applicant to take the interview over, the hiring manager is no longer in charge. This scenario is a disservice in search for the perfect candidate, or is it? One could say that if an applicant has this type of skill set they represent someone who is not afraid to take the lead and shows initiative. These skills are most desirable to most employers. â€Å"A high- quality selection interview requires more than just a sufficient amount of time. A matrix format is much more comprehensive. The interviewer begins by asking candidates about chronological history-beginning with education and progressing through job 1, job2, job3 and up to the present position. â€Å" (Smart, 1987). Thomas page 7 After a series of selected candidates have been interviewed and the final contenders are selected. HRMs will ask candidates to return for a second or final interview. This allows recruits to have a final opportunity to offer evidence of why they should be selected for the current opportunity. If managers are undecided this review should assist in the finalization before making a job offer. â€Å"Check references after the interview, to confirm consistency between the candidate’s comments and the opinion of his previous employers†. (Cameron Keis, 2003). Making the job offer to the final recruit is the last step in the recruiting. Verbal offers will need to be followed with written documentation outlining the specifics of the job offer. â€Å"Hiring the right person the first time takes planning, systems, tools, and structure. Customize and document your process to fit your organization; you will create own internal marketing plan to attract just the right people†. (Cameron Keis, 2003) Strategies and resources assist with the selection to find the right candidate for a job. Significant time and effort goes into the preparation of selecting human resources on both sides of the spectrum. The final decision in choosing the best candidate is narrowed down to who has the â€Å"it†. The â€Å"it† factor is made up of many things, it is perhaps best described as something special that shines and stands out greatly. Go forth and let your brilliance shine. Works Cited Buhler, Patricia. â€Å"Managing in the 90s: Hiring the Right Person for the Job. † SuperVision 53. 7 (1992): 21-. ProQuest Central. Web. 2 Mar. 2013. Cameron, Gordon, and Ken Keis. â€Å"Hire the Right Person the First Time! : Hiring the â€Å"Wrong† People Costs You Money! † S S G M, Service Station Garage Management 33. 7 (2003): 0,n/a. ProQuest Central. Web. 2 Mar. 2013. Smart, Bradford D. â€Å"Progressive Approaches for Hiring the Best People. † Training and development journal 41. 9 (1987): 46-. ProQuest Central. Web. 2 Mar. 2013. How to cite Employee Selection the Role of Hrm Finding, Essay examples

Employee Selection the Role of Hrm Finding Free Essays

Denise L. Thomas Dr. Courtney Bibby Human Resource Management MBA 605 March 2, 2013 Employer Selection the Role of HRM finding the Right Candidate The role of Human Resources Management, here in after referred to as HRM has many faces; the most important role that HRM assumes is in the staffing of human resources. We will write a custom essay sample on Employee Selection the Role of Hrm Finding or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper will explore the methods and strategies that are used in the selection for Mr. or Ms. Right. Do HRMs handle this important role with expertise? Employment selection impacts many levels, as it delivers an important net result. Companies are as good and productive as the employees that represent them. Employee selection has a vital role in the success of all companies. Most would agree the reason we return to a favorite restaurant, retailer or business establishment is largely due to the personnel. A new product launch, operational production requirements, an aging workforce and seasonal demands, are all reasons management will turn to the HRM manager for support in addressing their staffing needs. HRMs will conduct a needs assessment for reaching the hiring goals and objectives. Hiring the right person the first time doesn’t happen by accident; it happens by design. Always be clear about the position you want to fill-long before interviewing. Define the Thomas page 2 position based on what your business needs. Identify the standards, skills and knowledge that the perfect hire would have†. (Cameron Keis, 2003). Now, with a firm understanding of the expectations needed for hiring. The HRM manag er needs to enlist potential candidates to meet these objectives. Recruiting in todays’ world of the internet is much more efficient than methods of the past. There are numerous job boards to begin your recruiting rocess. Job boards like Career Builder and Monster service many employer’s with various hiring needs, they have proven creditability for attracting quality job seekers. A consultant will assist the HRM manager to achieve the visibility and positioning to attract candidates to their web page. Although the internet provides a great resource for pooling talent, there are other tried and true methods for recruiting. Internal job postings are a great opportunity for current employees to consider advancement; this also gives management an idea of personnel seeking to move forward within the company. In many cases word of mouth will yield good results for networking and recruiting for career openings. Current employees may have knowledge of someone whom they feel would be great for a position. It’s a good idea to include different types of recruiting to gain a broader reach for talent. The most time consuming part of recruiting is the first round of interviews. It is common for HRMs to schedule phone interviews with applicants. The phone interview allows the ability to gage the potential of a candidate before bringing them in for a face to face Thomas page 3 interview. Phone interviews will able HRM to address any question you may have about items on a job application or resume. The phone interview may incorporate questions that are behavioral and those that are situational. This type of inquiry will be helpful in examining the ways an applicant handles conflicts and problem solving. This may also illustrate the applicant’s ability to lead and persuade other towards a preferred outcome. Another important aspect included as part of the pre- interview is testing. â€Å"Testing and assessments are a must for your short-list interview process. † (Cameron Keis, 2003). The analysis of behaviors prior to the face to face interview should not be overestimated. Currently these exams are provided during face to face interview or most often inclusive with the online applications. Upon completion of the pre- interview screenings, the best candidates of this process should be selected for in person interviews. Mangers that will be involved with the interview and decision making need to be prepared and skilled in their interview technique for this final process. â€Å"As with most managerial skills, the skills required to make a better hiring decision can be learned and can be developed with practice. Along with examining skills, the astute manager considers an applicant’s fit with the organization’s culture. If the culture is open and loose in an organic structure, a bureaucratic personality would make a poor fit. â€Å" (Buhler, 1992). So now the fun begins. Hiring managers have a shared responsibility during this phase of the staffing process. The environment should be one that is conducive for the meeting. Thomas page 5 Applicants are also reviewing the work place to visualize if they could envision themselves working in the location. It may be a good idea to alert the office staff that interviews will be taking place, all staff needs to exhibit best practice office etiquette during this open house of prespective new hires. I feel this aspect is often overlooked. I recall on many occasions I observed the work culture of an office during my visit, and determined I wasn’t a good fit for the group. Additionally, managers who have not familiarized themselves with the resumes and or applications do a disservice to the process of interviewing. I have been frustrated during an interview when I find myself becoming redundant to an issue. All applicants understand that HRMs and managers are busy, however, we are discussing future employment and what contribution I can make to your organization! Moreover, when we consider the cost investment for hiring and training of new employees this matter requires a serious commitment from all involved. â€Å"The setting of the interview is extremely important to get it off to the right start. This is an opportunity for the applicant to â€Å"interview† and judge the organization. † (Buhler, 1992). HRMs in many corporations have a structured interview format that they are required to adhere to, in maintaining the integrity of the hiring process. The interviewer will let you know prior to the start of the questioning, if they will be taking notes of your answers. I have participated in a number of these types of interviews and most of the questions are behavioral or situational. A candidate that has done their homework will be prepared to answer this line of questioning. In some situations a face to face meeting will be conducted by a HRM manager. They will conduct the interview and make referrals to the manager. Thomas page 6 â€Å"Hiring is more than merely selecting a â€Å"nice person. † It requires carefully selecting the best person for the position. A new skill being sought in new hires is innovation. Organizations without innovation will become stagnant and perish in time. Survival means thinking creatively. The best infusion of creativity comes from outside the organization—from new hires. † (Buhler, 1992). â€Å"Traditional interviews don’t accomplish a lot. In selection interviews they ask the wrong questions, ask the questions the wrong way, violate laws, fail to take adequate notes and ignore body language†. (Smart, 1987) . I can attest that I have participated in interviews that made me want to exchange places with the person behind the desk. Some managers are very uncomfortable with the responsibility needed to become a skillful interviewer. Situations where it is detected that the interviewer seems displaced allows the applicant to take the interview over, the hiring manager is no longer in charge. This scenario is a disservice in search for the perfect candidate, or is it? One could say that if an applicant has this type of skill set they represent someone who is not afraid to take the lead and shows initiative. These skills are most desirable to most employers. â€Å"A high- quality selection interview requires more than just a sufficient amount of time. A matrix format is much more comprehensive. The interviewer begins by asking candidates about chronological history-beginning with education and progressing through job 1, job2, job3 and up to the present position. â€Å" (Smart, 1987). Thomas page 7 After a series of selected candidates have been interviewed and the final contenders are selected. HRMs will ask candidates to return for a second or final interview. This allows recruits to have a final opportunity to offer evidence of why they should be selected for the current opportunity. If managers are undecided this review should assist in the finalization before making a job offer. â€Å"Check references after the interview, to confirm consistency between the candidate’s comments and the opinion of his previous employers†. (Cameron Keis, 2003). Making the job offer to the final recruit is the last step in the recruiting. Verbal offers will need to be followed with written documentation outlining the specifics of the job offer. â€Å"Hiring the right person the first time takes planning, systems, tools, and structure. Customize and document your process to fit your organization; you will create own internal marketing plan to attract just the right people†. (Cameron Keis, 2003) Strategies and resources assist with the selection to find the right candidate for a job. Significant time and effort goes into the preparation of selecting human resources on both sides of the spectrum. The final decision in choosing the best candidate is narrowed down to who has the â€Å"it†. The â€Å"it† factor is made up of many things, it is perhaps best described as something special that shines and stands out greatly. Go forth and let your brilliance shine. Works Cited Buhler, Patricia. â€Å"Managing in the 90s: Hiring the Right Person for the Job. † SuperVision 53. 7 (1992): 21-. ProQuest Central. Web. 2 Mar. 2013. Cameron, Gordon, and Ken Keis. â€Å"Hire the Right Person the First Time! : Hiring the â€Å"Wrong† People Costs You Money! † S S G M, Service Station Garage Management 33. 7 (2003): 0,n/a. ProQuest Central. Web. 2 Mar. 2013. Smart, Bradford D. â€Å"Progressive Approaches for Hiring the Best People. † Training and development journal 41. 9 (1987): 46-. ProQuest Central. Web. 2 Mar. 2013. How to cite Employee Selection the Role of Hrm Finding, Essay examples

Increasing Employability By Implementing -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Increasing Employability By Implementing? Answer: Introduction The report deals with the human resource development (HRD) that is a part of the Human resource management (HRM). HRD is the process of developing human expertise, through training and development. HRD is also involved in the performance appraisal, counselling sessions and promotion of organisational effectiveness. The focus of the paper is a learning organisation. In this context, the paper discusses the important actions to be taken by the HR developer to manage and coordinate the learning program. Further, the report discusses the relationship between the organisational development (OD) and HRDs strategic and tactical contribution to the organisational effectiveness, productivity and quality of working life. The notion of the learning organisation is debatable and is highlighted. Lastly, scoring, formative and summative assessment are discussed. Actions to manage and coordinate the learning programme To manage and coordinate the learning program the important actions to be taken by the HR are Assess the learning needs- It is the most basic action to be taken by any HR. Upon assessing the most common learning needs, the HE can design a learning program to solve the particular problem faced by the employees in meeting the professional goals. Assessing the needs helps to develop the program that aligns with the organisational objectives and satisfy the employees expectation. Assessment is needed when the learning program is developed from the scratch without predetermined objectives. By assessing the learning needs, one can assess the learning objectives for the target group of employees (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). Set learning objectives- The learning program must be designed in a manner that the employees should be able to perform what is expected of them. The organisational learning objectives must be formed from the gaps identified in employees skill set and prioritised. The learning program thus aims to mitigate the gap between the current and the expected performance with the help of the specific learning program. A human resource manager (HRM) must perform the 360-degree evaluation, to ensure that the learning program matches the areas of improvement. It will better help manage and coordinate the program (Taylor and Govender 2017) Comprehensive learning action plan- The learning program must be comprehensive and involve appropriate learning theories. The HRM must develop the learning materials such as lectures and presentation along with eye-catching materials, and instructional design and content. The learning program must reflect the learning style of the target group. Prior to launch of program, the HRM can collect feedbacks to make the necessary adjustments (Rees and Smith 2017) Implement the learning and development initiatives- The HR must now decide through proper coordination if the learning program will be delivered in-house. It can also be externally coordinated. This phase involves scheduling of the learning activities. HR must organise the related resources such as equipment, facilities and finally launch the learning program. Further, action must be taken to evaluate the effectiveness of the programme by monitoring the progress. In his phase, a transactional change occurs. For instance, if the objective was to increase the monthly productivity, then new tricks or methods may be taught successfully. In such case, employees may continue to work in their old fashion with new strategies tried successfully in short time. However, the same may not be expected with the untried methods. It will lead to transformational change that will occur over a long time (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). Evaluate and revise the learning- As mentioned the learning programme must be continuously monitored to identify if it is meeting the learning objectives. HR must collect the instructor feedback as well as that of employees. The program should be evaluated to identify the skill acquisition. Weakness in the learning protocol can be identified by analysing the feedback. In case the objectives are not met the action plan can be revised. The goal of the HR should be to capitalise on the most profitable outcomes. In case of the resistance to change, different models can be applied such as Lewin model, Kotters change model or any other (Rees and Smith 2017). Relationship between the organisational development (OD) and HRDs' strategic and tactical contribution To enhance the speed of the OD process, the practitioners use the strategies and tactics of the HRD. OD practices are the top-down approach to increase the organisation effectiveness. There may be many factors contributing to change in the organisation and changing its shape. However, the HRD and the OD remains same. According to Creasey et al. (2016), the innovations in technology, employee development and the different hierarchical level in the organisation depend on the workforce and related trends. In order to ensure success, the workforce can change the shape of the organisation. This is the corporate approach that is related with the OD and HRD practices. Managers with different specialisation seek different opportunities. It is from the organisational management perspective that the HR managers utilise the employee development opportunity. It can be attributed to the combined activities of OD and HRD in modern organisational times. Every organisation has mission plan and certain objectives. HRD contributes to business objectives by increasing the productivity by training and developing the employee's skills and motivation. It contributes to the organisational objectives through technical competence and strategic innovation. Organisation invests highly in the human resource for the organisational development. The effects of HRM come into play when the employees stay in the organisation. HRD involves in strategic and diverse thinking to maintain the organisational standards. HRD demonstrates competency and competitiveness by using various strategies or rigorous recruitment and retention and encouraging diversity. OD practice, on the other hand, uses different strategies and tactics to develop the HR services (Gilley et al. 2015). Further, the HRD role in improving the quality of the working life in organisation is reflected in creating professional development opportunities. It is also reflected in developing and delivering the professional development programs. Training and development help in organisational development by improving the quality of the working life. It is because training addresses the employees weakness, improving the workers performance, worker satisfaction, reducing cost, and reduction in supervision. Thus the HRD practices of training and development are associated with the OD directly. Tactics are needed to handle the critical issues during the annual review, regarding benefits and compensation and adjust the job descriptions to align with the OD practice and advance technology (Ruck et al. 2017). HRD works to improve the organisational productivity by setting realistic goals. The OD practices to maintain service delivery, profitable results and long-term survival involve putting HR to initiate and develop HR communication. It is the common practice of OD and is put to use through a proper communication to the employees. HR communication is important for the change process. If the change is imposed without justification and education, then the resistance to change occurs. It is the usual OD practice in most organisations since last two decades. In the changed liberalised market, organisational effectiveness can be enhanced through HRD. It is possible through the HR competency and flexibility that improves the organisational effectiveness. It is also possible through the continuous performance improvement, initiated by HRD, which is the systematic process of the ongoing, companywide change for OD. Other HRD practices that are fruitful for OD process are learning the oriented cu lture and innovation development. It helps in developing the organisation with workers having common values, beliefs, and assumptions of organisational members on acquiring, creating, transferring knowledge and modification of behaviour to reflect new insights and knowledge (Katou and Budhwar 2015). Notion of learning organisation In contemporary management, the notion of the learning organisation has been central point. The real-life examples to the concept have been difficult to identify. It can be argued that it is too ideal a vision. The notion of the learning organisation does not seem to align with the dynamics and the requirements of the organisation. Further, the creation of the attractive commercial template to the consultants leads to under powering of the theoretical framework of the learning organisation (Li et al. 2014). The concept of the learning organisation is debatable as some of the theorists believe that the learning organisation is initiated by the senior management involved in the top-down vision. Some others contradict the argument with the bottom up or democratic approach. Some assume that any organisation can be the learning system. However, most organisations tend to focus on the outcomes rather than the process of learning. Another view that is more positive in this regard is the lea rning organisation as a process of continuous learning and sharing of knowledge. It involves learning to reach the goals, provide continuous learning opportunities, and embrace creative tension as a source of energy. Learning organisation is also believed to foster inquiry and dialogue or open communication with the people and interaction with environment (Pedler et al. 2017). According to Burke and Noumair (2015), it is necessary to become adept at learning. With the change, it is necessary to not only transform institutions, rather develop organisations that are the learning systems. There may be no theoretical basis, but there have been significant improvement in the organisation of the production and services. The function of the productivity and competitiveness are knowledge and information processing. The network of management, production, and distribution are formed by the territories and firms. These organisations have the capacity to work in real time. Otoo et al. (2015) argued that the failure of learning spells disaster for the organisation. Employees are scored on the basis of their competence. This scoring process is an important tool for recruitment of employees, gap analysis for development, and during the performance appraisal. Formative assessment refers to the tools that are used to identify and close the learning gaps. It helps offer feedback to the employees whose learning is taking place to modify the learning plan. It is the way to improve their performance. On the contrary, the summative assessments mark the arrival of the learner in the specific stage. Summative assessment can be a grade given for final piece of work. It means this tool is used after the training and development process is over. An HR must use both summative and formative assessment to achieve the best results. Most trainers are familiar with the former but not the other one. All three tools are necessary to accomplish the desired outcomes from the training and development process (Hughes and Byrd 2015). Conclusion It can be concluded that increase in globalisation has led to increasing business competition. Consequently, the human resource development has become essential. In small-scale companies the organised HR practices are evident. In the last decade, a lot of companies could not perform well due to lack of effective HRD practices. With the increase in the role and responsibility of the HRD department to perform effectively, the scenario has changed. Various training and development related initiatives have improved the organisation's productivity, quality of working life and have contributed to organisational effectiveness. Thus, the OD is directly related to the tactical and strategic contribution of HRD. References Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Burke, W.W. and Noumair, D.A., 2015.Organization development: A process of learning and changing. FT Press. Creasey, T., Jamieson, D.W., Rothwell, W.J. and Severini, G., 2016. Exploring the relationship between organization development and change management.Practicing Organization Development: Leading Transformation and Change, Fourth Edition, pp.330-337. Gilley, J.W., Gilley, A.M., Jackson, S.A. and Lawrence, H., 2015. Managerial practices and organizational conditions that encourage employee growth and development.Performance Improvement Quarterly,28(3), pp.71-93. Hughes, C. and Byrd, M.Y., 2015. The Role of HRD in Organizations. InManaging Human Resource Development Programs(pp. 31-58). Palgrave Macmillan, New York. Katou, A.A. and Budhwar, P., 2015. Human resource management and organisational productivity: a systems approach based empirical analysis.Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance,2(3), pp.244-266. Li, Y., Chen, H., Liu, Y. and Peng, M.W., 2014. Managerial ties, organizational learning, and opportunity capture: A social capital perspective.Asia Pacific Journal of Management,31(1), pp.271-291. Otoo, S., Agapitova, N. and Behrens, J., 2015. A strategic and results-oriented approach to learning for capacity development. Pedler, M., Pedler, M., Burgoyne, J.G. and Burgoyne, J.G., 2017. Is the learning organisation still alive?.The Learning Organization,24(2), pp.119-126. Rees, G. and Smith, P. eds., 2017.Strategic human resource management: An international perspective. Sage. Ruck, K., Welch, M. and Menara, B., 2017. Employee voice: An antecedent to organisational engagement?.Public Relations Review. Taylor, S. and Govender, C.M., 2017. Increasing employability by implementing a Work-Integrated Learning partnership model in South AfricaA student perspective.Africa Education Review, pp.1-15.

Two chapters of Hard Times Essay Example For Students

Two chapters of Hard Times Essay Explore how Dickens presents the theme of education in the first two chapters of Hard Times. What point might he be making about the educational system of his day?  Dickens felt and believed that the educational system of his day was too utilitarian, that it was based too much on fact and reason. Also, he considered it to not be aesthetic enough, and not comprehensive enough.  Dickens used caricature to exaggerate Gradgrind, the third gentleman, MChoakumchild, Sissy and Bitzer. Gradgrind is obviously caricatured. His name can be broken down into two parts: Grad- and -grind. Grad- being short for gradual/gradually, and -grind being crush, break or wear away. We will write a custom essay on Two chapters of Hard Times specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This embellishes his personal beliefs on teaching as hammering away at the children, or pitchers, to get them to know Facts. The capitalisation of Facts by Dickens shows us that they are revered by Gradgrind at an almost godly level. His figure is mocked: the speakers square wall of a forehead showing his forehead as a block, flat and plain; and commodious cellarage in two dark caves, overshadowed by the wall suggests that his eyes are set back and are obscured by his brow. Dickens uses tricolons to further exaggerate his tone and appearance; the speakers mouth was wide, thin, and hard set, the speakers voice, which was inflexible, dry, and dictatorial. This creates the impression that Gradgrinds character is drab and dreary, and thus his company will be tedious and monotonous too. This exaggeration is aided by the repetition of The emphasis was helped by Overall, Gradgrind is expressed by Dickens as being plain, boring, and a perfect stereotype of Utilitarianism, in that he is very factual, and, whilst he would have an interesting facial structure, his features are very boring. A contrast between Sissy and Bitzer is made through caricature. Sissy is described as so dark-eyed and dark-haired, that she seemed to receive a deeper and more lustrous colour from the sun. One word appears to express what Dickens message is would be deeper. A deeper colouring from the sun can be likened to her deeper knowledge of horses revealed by the light of truth. However, Bitzer is depicted as so light-eyed and light-haired that the self-same rays appeared to draw out of him what little colour he ever possessed. In this quote, the most important words emerge as draw out of him. As with Sissy, these can be likened to the factual knowledge being drawn out by the light of truth. The contrast between the two seems to be used to show the contrast between someone who truly has knowledge , versus someone who is meant to have knowledge, but doesnt really . The difference between them is what Dickens is trying to show us, the readers. Hes saying that just being able to recite facts about something isnt as good as having instinctive knowledge about that object. The third gentleman is described as being a professed pugilist, meaning he is an aggressive fighter. One assumes that this is metaphorical, rather than literal, and can be taken to be describing his professional methods of power as Commissioner rather than actual job. This would convey that his means of power as bullying teachers and headmasters into creating a school that fits the Utilitarian ideas of education. MChoakumchild is illustrated as being turned at the same time, in the same factory, on the same principles, like so many pianoforte legs. This illustrates him as being the same as so many other school masters at the time, and the word factory is used to convey the concept of the Industrial Revolution, and the dreariness and repetitiveness of the production lines. This is brought out in the fact that the third gentleman seems to be based on Henry Cole, who believed that consumer goods should be designed to represent industrial items. .u6f026ba64af0a7dd9582cd2a9e860f0c , .u6f026ba64af0a7dd9582cd2a9e860f0c .postImageUrl , .u6f026ba64af0a7dd9582cd2a9e860f0c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6f026ba64af0a7dd9582cd2a9e860f0c , .u6f026ba64af0a7dd9582cd2a9e860f0c:hover , .u6f026ba64af0a7dd9582cd2a9e860f0c:visited , .u6f026ba64af0a7dd9582cd2a9e860f0c:active { border:0!important; } .u6f026ba64af0a7dd9582cd2a9e860f0c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6f026ba64af0a7dd9582cd2a9e860f0c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6f026ba64af0a7dd9582cd2a9e860f0c:active , .u6f026ba64af0a7dd9582cd2a9e860f0c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6f026ba64af0a7dd9582cd2a9e860f0c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6f026ba64af0a7dd9582cd2a9e860f0c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6f026ba64af0a7dd9582cd2a9e860f0c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6f026ba64af0a7dd9582cd2a9e860f0c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6f026ba64af0a7dd9582cd2a9e860f0c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6f026ba64af0a7dd9582cd2a9e860f0c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6f026ba64af0a7dd9582cd2a9e860f0c .u6f026ba64af0a7dd9582cd2a9e860f0c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6f026ba64af0a7dd9582cd2a9e860f0c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Novel Hard Times EssayThis idea of being the same as so many other people, suggests that they all know the same facts, but, coupled with the narrators interjection If only he had learnt a little less, how infinitely better he might have taught much more!, shows that Dickens believed that knowing too much, and not having practical knowledge of the facts, or an imagination as he discards fancy as useless, means that their education isnt comprehensive, and is a disadvantage. Coupled with Dickens background, including his speech on the one thing needful being comprehensive liberal education, one can assume that he believed in children being taught a broad range of subjects, in an open minded fashion. Normally, contrast would be used in greater amounts to express this huge difference between the stereotyped reality, and the desired reality, but Dickens used adjectives with seemingly double meanings, repetition, and tricolons.

The Science of Nicotine and Weight Loss

The Science of Nicotine and Weight Loss Many people have health-related questions about chemicals. One of the most common is whether nicotine promotes weight loss. Were not talking about smoking- which involves a complex set of chemicals and physiological processes- but using pure nicotine, which is available in over-the-counter products intended to help people quit smoking. If you search for information about the effects of nicotine, youll find all sorts of research on smoking, but relatively little on the health effects of this one specific chemical. Nicotines Effect on the Body A  Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS),  such as the Sigma Aldrich MSDS for nicotine,  indicates nicotine is a naturally occurring isomer that is an acetylcholine receptor agonist. It is a stimulant that causes the release of epinephrine (also known as adrenaline). This neurotransmitter increases heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, and also produces higher blood glucose levels. One of the side effects of nicotine, especially at higher doses, is appetite suppression and nausea. In other words, nicotine is a drug that raises your metabolic rate while suppressing your appetite. It activates the brains pleasure and reward center, so some users may use nicotine to feel good instead of, for example, eating donuts. These are well-documented biological effects of nicotine, but they dont give a firm answer regarding whether or not the drug helps with weight loss. There are some studies that indicate that smokers may lose weight. Limited studies have been conducted regarding weight loss and nicotine use, in part because of the perception that nicotine is addictive. Its interesting to note that while tobacco is addictive, pure nicotine actually is not. It is the monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) in tobacco that leads to addiction, so people taking nicotine who are not exposed to monoamine oxidase inhibitors do not necessarily suffer addiction and withdrawal from the substance. However, users do develop a physiological tolerance to nicotine, so it might be expected that, as with other stimulants, weight loss from nicotine use would be most successful over a short term, losing effectiveness with chronic use. Sources Audrain, Janet E., et al. â€Å"Relationship between Obesity and the Metabolic Effects of Smoking in Women.† Health Psychology, vol. 14, no. 2, 1995, pp. 116–123.Cabanac, Michel, and Patrick Frankham. â€Å"Evidence That Transient Nicotine Lowers the Body Weight Set Point.† Physiology Behavior, vol. 76, no. 4-5, 2002, pp. 539–542.Leischow, S. J. â€Å"Effects of Differing Nicotine-Replacement Doses on Weight Gain after Smoking Cessation.† Archives of Family Medicine, vol. 1, no. 2, 1992, pp. 233–237.Neese, R. A., et al. â€Å"Metabolic Interactions between Surplus Dietary Energy Intake and Cigarette Smoking or Its Cessation.† American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 267, no. 6, 1994.Nides, Mitchell, et al. â€Å"Weight Gain as a Function of Smoking Cessation and 2-Mg Nicotine Gum Use among Middle-Aged Smokers with Mild Lung Impairment in the First 2 Years of the Lung Health Study.† Health Psychology, vo l. 13, no. 4, 1994, pp. 354–361.Perkins, K. A. â€Å"Metabolic Effects of Cigarette Smoking.† Journal of Applied Physiology, vol. 72, no. 2, 1992, pp. 401–409. Pirie, P L, et al. â€Å"Smoking Cessation in Women Concerned about Weight.† American Journal of Public Health, vol. 82, no. 9, 1992, pp. 1238–1243.Schwid, S R, et al. â€Å"Nicotine Effects on Body Weight: a Regulatory Perspective.† The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 55, no. 4, 1992, pp. 878–884.Winders, Suzan E., et al. â€Å"Use of Phenylpropanolamine to Reduce Nicotine Cessation Induced Weight Gain in Rats.† Psychopharmacology, vol. 108, no. 4, 1992, pp. 501–506.

Toltec Empire - Semi-Mythical Legend of the Aztecs

Toltec Empire - Semi-Mythical Legend of the Aztecs The Toltecs and the Toltec Empire is a semi-mythical legend reported by the Aztecs that appears to have had some reality in prehispanic Mesoamerica. But the evidence for its existence as a cultural entity is conflicting and contradictory. The empire, if thats what it was (and it probably was not), has been at the heart of a longstanding debate in archaeology: where is the ancient city of Tollan, a city described by the Aztecs in oral and pictorial histories as the center of all art and wisdom? And who were the Toltecs, the legendary rulers of this glorious city? The Aztec Myth Aztec oral histories and their surviving codexes describe the Toltecs as wise, civilized, wealthy urban people  who lived in Tollan, a city filled with buildings made of jade and gold. The Toltecs, said the historians, invented all the arts and sciences of Mesoamerica, including the Mesoamerican calendar; they were led by their wise king Quetzalcoatl. For the Aztecs, the Toltec leader was the ideal ruler, a noble warrior who was learned in the history and priestly duties of Tollan, and had the qualities of military and commercial leadership. The Toltec rulers led a warrior society that included a storm god (Aztec  Tlaloc or Maya  Chaac), with Quetzalcoatl at the heart of the origin myth. The Aztec leaders claimed they were descendants of the Toltec leaders, establishing a semi-divine right to rule. The Myth of Quetzalcoatl The Aztec accounts of the Toltec myth say that Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl [reported by the Aztecs in the 15th century to have been born in the year 1 Reed, 843 AD and died 52 years later in the year 1 Reed, 895], was a wise, old humble king who taught his people to write and measure time, to work gold, jade and feathers, to grow cotton, dye it and weave it into fabulous mantles, and to raise maize and cacao. He built four houses for fasting and prayer and a temple with beautiful columns carved with serpent reliefs. But his piety excited anger among the sorcerers of Tollan, who were intent on destroying his people. The sorcerers tricked Quetzalcoatl into drunken behavior that shamed him so he fled east, reaching the edge of the sea. There, dressed in divine feathers and a turquoise mask, he burned himself up and rose into the sky, becoming the morning star. Aztec accounts dont all agree: at least one says that Quetzalcoatl destroyed Tollan as he left, burying all the marvelous things and burning everything else. He changed the cacao trees to mesquite and sent the birds to Anahuac, another legendary land at the edge of the water. The story as recounted by Bernardino Sahagunwho certainly had his own agendasays that Quetzalcoatl fashioned a raft of serpents and sailed across the sea. Sahagun was a Spanish Franciscan friar, and he and other chroniclers are today believed to have created the myth associating Quetzalcoatl with the conquistador  Cortesbut thats another story. Toltecs and Desirà ©e Charnay The site of Tula in Hidalgo state was first equated with Tollan in the archaeological sense in the late 19th centurythe Aztecs were ambivalent about which set of ruins was Tollan, although Tula was certainly one. French expeditionary photographer Desirà ©e Charnay raised money to follow the legendary journey of Quetzalcoatl from Tula eastward to the Yucatan peninsula. When he arrived at the Maya capital of Chichà ©n Itz, he noticed serpent columns and a ball court ring that reminded him of those he had seen at Tula, 1300 kilometers (800 miles) northwest of Chichen. Charnay had read the 16th century Aztec accounts and noted that the Toltec were thought by the Aztecs to have created civilization, and he interpreted the architectural and stylistic similarities to mean that the capital city of the Toltecs  was Tula, with Chichen Itza its remote and conquered colony; and by the 1940s, a majority of archaeologists did too. But since that time, archaeological and historical evidence has shown that to be problematic. Problems, and a Trait List There are lots of problems trying to associate Tula or any other specific set of ruins as Tollan. Tula was fairly large but it didnt have much control over its close neighbors, let alone long distances. Teotihuacan, which definitely was large enough to be reckoned an empire, was long gone by the 9th century. There are lots of places throughout Mesoamerica with linguistic references to Tula or Tollan or Tullin or Tulan: Tollan Chollolan is the full name for Cholula, for example, which has some Toltec aspects. The word seems to mean something like place of reeds. And even though the characteristic traits identified as Toltec appear at many sites along the Gulf Coast and elsewhere, there isnt much evidence for military conquest; the adoption of Toltec traits appears to have been selective, rather than imposed. Traits identified as Toltec include temples with colonnaded galleries; tablud-tablero architecture; chacmools and ball courts; relief sculptures with various versions of the mythical Quetzalcoatl jaguar-serpent-bird icon; and relief images of predatory animals and raptorial birds holding human hearts. There are also atlantean pillars with images of men in the Toltec military outfit (also seen in chacmools): wearing pillbox helmets and butterfly-shaped pectorals and carrying atlatls. There is also a form of government that is part of the Toltec package, a council-based government rather than a centralized kingship, but where that arose is anybodys guess. Some of the Toltec traits can be traced to the Early Classic period, of 4th century AD or even earlier. Current Thinking It seems clear that although there is no real consensus among the archaeological community about the existence of a single Tollan or a specific Toltec Empire that can be identified, there was some sort of inter-regional flow of ideas throughout Mesoamerica that archaeologists have named Toltec. Its possible, perhaps likely, that much of that flow of ideas came about as a byproduct of the establishment of inter-regional trade networks, trade networks including such materials as obsidian and salt which were established by the 4th century AD (and probably much earlier) but really kicked into gear after the fall of Teotihuacan in 750 AD. So, the word Toltec should be removed from the word empire, certainly: and perhaps the best way to look at the concept is as a Toltec ideal, an art style, philosophy and form of government that acted as the exemplary center of all that was perfect and longed for by the Aztecs, an ideal echoed at other sites and cultures throughout Mesoamerica. Sources This article is part of the About.com guide to Aztecs, and part of the Dictionary of Archaeology. The collected articles in Kowaleski and Kristan-Graham (2011), based on a Dumbarton Oaks symposium, are highly recommended for getting a grasp on the Toltecs. Berdan FF. 2014. Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory. New York: Cambridge University Press. Coggins C. 2002. Toltec. RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics 42(Autumn, 2002):34-85. Gillespie S. 2011. Toltics, Tula, and Chichà ©n Itz: The Development of an Archaeological Myth. In: Kowalski JK, and Kristan-Graham C, editors. Twin Tollans: Chichà ©n Itz, Tula and the Epiclassic to Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World. Washington DC: Dumbarton Oaks. p 85-127. Kepecs SM. 2011. Chichà ©n Itz, Tula and the Epiclassic/Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World System. In: Kowalski JK, and Kristan-Graham C, editors. Twin Tollans: Chichà ©n Itz, Tula and the Epiclassic to Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World. Washington DC: Dumbarton Oaks. p 130-151. Kowalski JK, and Kristan-Graham C. 2007. Chichà ©n Itz, Tula and Tollan: Chaning Perspectives on a Recurring Problem in Mesoamerican Archaeology and Art History. In: Kowalski JK, and Kristan-Graham C, editors. Twin Tollans: Chichà ©n Itz, Tula and the Epiclassic to Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World. Washington DC: Dumbarton Oaks. p 13-83. Kowalski JK, and Kristan-Graham C, editors. 2011. Twin Tollans: Chichà ©n Itz, Tula and the Epiclassic to Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World. Washington DC: Dumbarton Oaks. Ringle WM, Gallareta Negron T, and Bey GJ. 1998. The return of Quetzalcoatl: Evidence for the spread of a world religion during the Epiclassic period. Ancient Mesoamerica 9:183-232. Smith ME. 2016. Toltec Empire. In: MacKenzie JM, editor. The Encyclopedia of Empire. London: John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Smith ME. 2011. The Aztecs, 3rd edition. Oxford: Blackwell. Smith ME. 2003. Comments on the historicity of Topoilzin Quetzalcoatl, Tollan, and the Toltecs. Nahua Newsletter.